Instruments

Principle

In this hyphenated technique, the compounds are separated first in LC and in ion source they got ionized and will move down to identify and separate on the basis of mass to charge ratio in MS and get fragmented in collision chamber, further the time-of-flight (TOF) analyser operates by accelerating ions through a high voltage. The velocity of the ions, and hence the time taken to travel down a flight tube to reach the detector, depends on their m/z values. If the initial accelerating voltage is pulsed, the output of the detector as a function of time can be converted into a mass spectrum. The TOF analyser can acquire spectra extremely quickly with high sensitivity. It also has high mass accuracy, which allows molecular formulas to be determined for small molecules hence it is also called as HRMS (high resolution mass spectroscopy).

Sources

• ESI (Electrospray Ionisation): In this technique, Electrospray is used to produce ions in which high voltage is applied to liquid to produce aerosol.
• APCI (Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionisation): This technique utilizes gas-phase-ion-molecule reactions at atmospheric pressure. The main usage of APCI is for relatively less polar and thermally stable compounds with molecular weight less than 1500 Da.
• APGC (Atmospheric Pressure Gas Chromatography)/ GC-MS:It is a technique for detection and quantification of volatile organic molecules.

Applications

• Detection of trace metabolites and its profiling.
• It is used for Impurity profiling.
• It helps in structure elucidation of various compounds.
• Used in quantification of compounds.
• Protein and peptide analysis.

Instruments Details

UPLC Waters Acquity

GC Agilent 7890A

MS Waters SynaptG2

Elemental Analyzer (CHNS)

This technique provides the content of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur which are present in a sample. The analytical method is based on the complete and instantaneous oxidation of the sample via combustion with oxygen at an approximate temperature of 1020° C. The combustion products are transported by the gas carrier to a chromatographic column where separation is carried out. A thermal conductivity detector provides the signal for each element which is then translated to a percentage content.

Applications

Organic and inorganic samples can be analyzed from diverse origins such as polymers, pharmaceutical products, foods, agricultural products, fuels and sediments, etc.

Instrument Make EuroVector

Model Euro EA Elemental Analyser